What Is A Photon Apex
Photons are elementary particles with no charge, no resting mass, and travel at the speed of light. This article volition acquaint us with photons and their properties.
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What is a Photon?
Photon, also known as light quantum, is a infinitesimal free energy packet of electromagnetic radiations. The idea of photon arose in 1905 from Albert Einstein'southward description of the photoelectric effect, in which he suggested the presence of detached energy packets during the transmission of light. Einstein deduced that the light breakthrough could too be associated with momentum (h ν/c). A substantial energy value and momentum strongly indicated that the light quantum could be associated with a particle. This particle was later named photon. Therefore, a photon is defined as a discrete bundle (or quantum) of electromagnetic (or light) free energy. Since photons are massless, they besides move at the speed of lite (3 × 10viii chiliad/due south).
Bones Backdrop of Photon
According to the photon theory of light, we tin summarize the backdrop of photons as
- Each photon has momentum p (= h ν/c), energy, E (=hν) and speed c, the speed of light.
- Photons are electrically neutral, and are not deflected by electric and magnetic fields.
- Photons can be destroyed or created when radiation is absorbed or emitted, respectively.
- The full momentum and total energy are conserved in a photon-particle collision.
- All photons of low-cal of a particular frequency and wavelength have the same free energy.
- Photons accept zilch resting mass.
How is a Photon Produced?
In that location are multiple ways to produce photons, but they utilise the same mechanism within an cantlet. This machinery concerns energising the electrons orbiting each atom's nucleus. Typically, an electron has a predetermined orbit that information technology inhabits, just if nosotros energise an cantlet, nosotros tin reposition its electrons to college orbitals. A photon is produced when an electron in a higher-than-normal orbit falls back to its regular orbit. The electron emits a photon with particular characteristics during its fall from loftier to normal energy. The photon harbours a frequency that precisely corresponds to the altitude the electron falls.
Why does Photon have Momentum?
We are aware of the fact that mass is merely another grade of energy from Einstein's special relativity. A photon has momentum proportional to its free energy even though information technology does not have mass. The photon momentum is derived from its free energy and frequency as described past the Planck-Einstein relation E=hf. But since a photon is e'er moving at the speed of calorie-free, it tin't accept any mass (due to Einstein'south equations). But, obviously, the photon nonetheless has to have energy; otherwise, it wouldn't produce the photoelectric effect. The natural judgment then is that all of the photon free energy is in the form of motion. This ultimately leads to the fact that if a photon moves and has energy, information technology must likewise have momentum.
Read More: Photon Momentum
Difference between Photon and Electron
| Photon | Electron |
| A photon is a type of elementary particle that primarily acts as a carrier of energy | An electron is a subatomic particle that is present in all atoms. |
| A photon has no charge. | It possesses a negative accuse of magnitude 1.62 × 10−19 coulomb. |
| Information technology has no residuum mass | An electron has a mass of 9.xix × 10-31 kilograms |
| A photon travels at the speed of low-cal | Electrons cannot obtain the speed of light |
Applications of Photons
Photons have many technological applications, some of which are discussed below:
- Laser is an important awarding of photon. In a light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation axle, photon beams move in the same direction at the same wavelength. This is accomplished by transmitting the energised electrons through an optical "gain medium", such as glass or a gas.
- Planck'southward energy formula, E (=hν), is used by engineers in blueprint to compute the modify in energy resulting from photon assimilation and to determine the frequency of the light emitted from a given photon emission.
- Several different kinds of hardware random number generators involve the detection of single photons.
Numericals on Photons
A laser produces monochromatic light of frequency 8 × 1014 Hz. The power emitted is 2.0 ×ten–three Westward. What is the photon's free energy in the light beam?
Solution:
Each photon has an energy which is given by the formula:
East = hν
Substituting the values in the above equation, we become
E = (half dozen.63 × 10–34 J due south) (half dozen.0 × 1014 Hz) = 5.304 ×10-19 J
Related Video:
The given video explains the wave-particle duality nature of light with the help of animations.
Frequently Asked Questions – FAQs
Are photons electrons?
A photon is a type of elementary particle that primarily acts equally a carrier of free energy, while an electron is a subatomic particle that is present in all atoms.
Are photons massless?
Photons have no rest mass. Since mass and energy are equivalent, photons tin can be thought of as having mass when they are in motion considering they take energy. But photons cease to be when they are at rest.
How does a photon travel?
Photons travel at the speed of light in a vacuum.
How is photon produced?
There are multiple ways to produce photons, but they use the same mechanism inside an atom. This machinery concerns energising the electrons orbiting each cantlet'south nucleus.
Why is a photon chargeless?
Photons are electrically neutral and are not deflected by electric and magnetic fields. Hence, they do not possess charge.
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What Is A Photon Apex,
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